Which of the following is NOT one of the four basic steps upon which quality instruction is based?

The four basic steps upon which quality instruction is based typically include preparation, testing, and repetition as key elements that contribute to effective teaching and learning processes.

Preparation involves planning the instruction methodically, setting clear objectives, and understanding the needs of the learners. Testing is essential for assessing understanding and retention of material. Repetition reinforces learning and helps solidify knowledge in the minds of students, allowing them to master the content.

Non-verbal communication, while important in the context of effective teaching—such as the use of body language, gestures, and facial expressions to reinforce a message—is not considered one of the foundational steps in the instructional process. It serves more as a supportive tool rather than a fundamental step in instructional methodology.